History of multiple versions of Noah's Flood (Sejarah Banjir Nuh dari versi agama dan kebudayaan)

Peristiwa banjir besar yang terjadi di zaman Nabi Nuh atau yang serupa dengan kisah tersebut, juga terdapat dalam kitab suci agama lain (Bible) dan sejarah kebudayaan dunia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa itu pernah terjadi. Berikut ini berbagai versi tentang peristiwa banjir besar tersebut.

1.      Versi Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru

Tuhan memerintahkan kepada Nuh bahwa semua orang, kecuali para pengikutnya, akan dihancurkan karena bumi telah penuh dengan berbagai macam tindak kekerasan. Tuhan memerintahkan mereka untuk membuat sebuah perahu dan menyebutkan secara detail bagaimana cara mengerjakannya. Tuhan juga mengatakan kepadanya untuk membawa keluarganya, tiga orang anaknya, istri-istri anaknya, dua dari setiap makhluk hidup (sepasang), dan berbagai persediaan bahan pangan.

Tujuh hari kemudian, terjadilah banjir besar yang berlangsung selama 40 hari 40 malam. Setelah air surut, kapal itu berlabuh di puncak Gunung Ararat (Agri)

2.      Babilonia

Ut-Napishtim adalah persamaan tokoh bangsa Babilonia terhadap pahlawan dalam peristiwa banjir dalam kisah bangsa Sumeria, yaitu Ziusudra. Tokoh penting yang lain adalah Gilgamesh.

Menurut legenda, Gilgamesh memutuskan untuk mencari dan menemukan para leluhurnya agar mengungkapkan rahasia kehidupan yang abadi. Ia melakukan sebuah perjalanan yang menantang bahaya. Ia diperintahkan supaya melakukan sebuah perjalanan dan harus melewati “Gunung Mashu dan air kematian”, dan sebuah perjalanan yang hanya dengan diselesaikan oleh seorang anak tuhan bernama Shamash.

Gilgamesh bertanya kepada Ut-Napishtim bagaimana ia dapat memperoleh keabadian. Lalu, Ut-Napishtim menceritakan kepadanya kisah tentang banjir sebagai jawaban atas pertanyaannya.

Banjir tersebut juga diceritakan dalam kisah Duabelas Meja (twelve tables) yang terkenal dalam epic tentang Gilgamesh.

3.      India

Dalam epic India yang berjudul Shatapala Brahmana dan Mahabharata, seseorang yang disebut dengan Manu diselamatkan dari banjir bersama dengan Rishiz.

Menurut legenda, seekor ikan yang ditangkap dan diselamatkan oleh Manu, tiba-tiba berubah menjadi besar dan mengatakan kepadanya untuk membuat sebuah perahu dan mengikatkan perahu tersebut ke tanduknya. Ikan ini dilambangkan sebagai pengejawantahan dari Dewa Wisnu. Lalu, ikan tersebut menuntun kapal mengarungi ombak yang besar dan membawanya ke utara ke Gunung Hismavat.

4.      Wales

Menurut legenda Welsh dikatakan, Dwynwen dan Dwfach selamat dari bencana yang besar dengan sebuah kapal. Ketika banjir yang amat mengerikan terjadi setelah meluapnya Llynllion, yang disebut dengan Danau Gelombang. Setelah selamat, keduanya kemudian kembali dan menghuni daratan Inggris.

5.      Cina

Sumber di bangsa Cina menghubungkan cerita ini dengan seseorang yang dipanggil dengan nama Yao bersama dengan tujuh orang lain, atau Fa Li bersama dengan istri dan anak-anaknya. Mereka diselamatkan dari bencana banjir dan gempa bumi dalam sebuah perahu layar. Di sini dikatakan, “Dunia semuanya berada dalam kehancuran. Air menyembur dan menutupi semua tempat”. Akhirnya, ia surut.

6.      Lithuania

Diceritakan bahwa beberapa pasang manusia dan binatang, diselamatkan dengan berlindung di puncak permukaan gunung yang tinggi. Ketika angin dan banjir yang berlangsung selama 12 hari dan 12 malam tersebut mulai mencapai ketinggian gunung, dan hampir akan menenggelamkan yang ada di atas puncak gunung tersebut, sang Pencipta melemparkan sebuah kulit kacang raksasa kepada mereka. Sehingga, mereka yang ada di gunung tersebut diselamatkan dari bencana dengan berlayar di dalam kulit kacang raksasa ini.

7.      Yunani

Dewa Zeus memutuskan untuk menghancurkan orang-orang yang semakin berbuat kesesaan setiap saat melalui sebuah banjir. Hanya Deucalion dan istrinya. Pyrrha, yang diselamatkan dari banjir karena ayah Deucalion sebelumnya telah menyarankan anaknya untuk membuat sebuah kapal. Pasangan ini turun ke Gunung Parnassis pada hari kesembilan setelah turun dari kapal.

Described in the Qur'an, God created mankind (Adam) to be a caliph (manage) the earth and everything in it. God created man to worship and pray to Allah SWT. And those who disbelieve, belie the verses of Allah and do mischief on earth, then God is not reluctant to lower adzab for their actions.Great flood of Noah's events are clear evidence of Allah's wrath upon a people who belie the verses and His Messenger, the Prophet Noah. Despite already told to worship God, but his people still deny it and reluctant to follow suit. So, as a result, Allah sent down calamity and punishment for those who do not believe it.Meanwhile, for those who believe, God will always give help and his grace. That's the reward of those who always do good and believe in Allah.Major flood events that occurred at the time of Prophet Noah or similar to the story, also found in other religious scriptures (Bible) and the history of world culture. This indicates that the event never happened. Here are various versions of the big flood events.
1. Version of the Old Testament and New TestamentGod commanded Noah that all people, except his followers, will be destroyed because the earth has been filled with various kinds of violence. God commanded them to make a boat and mention in detail how to do it. God also told him to bring his family, three children, his wives, two of every living creature (a pair), and a variety of food supplies.Seven days later, there was a big flood that lasted for 40 days and 40 nights. After the water receded, the ship was anchored at the top of Mount Ararat (Agri)
2. BabylonUt-Napishtim is the equation of the Babylonian character of the hero in the event of flood in the Sumerian story, namely Ziusudra. Another important figure is Gilgamesh.According to legend, Gilgamesh decided to seek and find their ancestors in order to reveal the secret of eternal life. It performs a challenging trip hazards. He was ordered to make a trip and need to pass the "Mountain of Mashu and water of death", and a journey that only by solved by a boy named god Shamash.Gilgamesh asked Ut-Napishtim how he can obtain immortality. Then, Ut-Napishtim told him the story of the flood as an answer to his question.Flooding is also told in the story of the Twelve Tables (twelve tables) are famous in the epic of Gilgamesh.
3. IndiaIn the Indian epic entitled Shatapala Brahmana and the Mahabharata, a person who is called by Manu was saved from the flood along with Rishiz.According to legend, a fish is caught and saved by Manu, suddenly turned into a major and told him to make a boat and the boat tied to the horns. This fish is symbolized as the embodiment of Lord Vishnu. Then, the lead ship wade fish the big waves and bring it to the north to Mount Hismavat.
4. WalesAccording to Welsh legend says, Dwynwen and Dwfach survived the great disaster to a ship. When the flood is so horrible happened after bursting Llynllion, called the Lake waves. Once saved, they then go back and inhabit the British mainland.
5. ChinaSources in the Chinese linking this story to someone who was called by the name of Yao along with seven other people, or Fa Li along with his wife and children. They were rescued from floods and earthquakes in a sailboat. It says, "The world is in ruin everything. Water spray and cover all places ". Finally, it subsided.
6. LithuaniaTold that some pairs of humans and animals, rescued by the shelter at the top surface of the high mountain. When the winds and floods that lasted for 12 days and 12 nights are beginning to reach the height of the mountain, and will almost drown at the top of the mountain, the Creator throwing a giant peanut shells to them. Thus, those who are in the mountain it was saved from disaster by sailing in this giant peanut shells.
7. GreeceZeus decided to destroy those who do increasingly straying at any time via a flood. Only Deucalion and his wife. Pyrrha were saved from the flood because Deucalion's father had previously been advised his son to make a ship. The pair fell to Mount Parnassis on the ninth day after getting off the ship.
8. ScandinaviaNordic Edda legends reported about Bergalmir and his wife, who survived the flood with a big ship.

Time of The Prophets and Apostles (Masa Para Nabi dan Rasul)

Discussing about 2012 remembered by the name of Resurrection.

Many issues, especially before 2012 the news about the coming end of the day spread to all corners of the world. All of it new just a rumor. Because all it is not know when that day comes.

Below I show a table of times of the prophets the messenger of God to man. From there it can be concluded the Earth we are getting older and will eventually approach the day (end of the world).

Before we think about the final days of the world, we better learn anytime in the prophets and messengers were sent to earth on.

Estimated Lifespan Prophets and Apostles
Sources: Atlas of Historical Books Prophets and Apostles, the work of Sami bin Abdullah Al-Maghluts.

Prophets (Nabi)	Time "year" (Tahun)
Adam Idris Nuh Hud Saleh Ibrahim Luth Ismail Ishak Ya’kub Yusuf Syuaib Ayub Zulkifli Musa Harun Daud Sulaiman Ilyas Ilasa Yunus Zakaria Yahya Isa Muhammad	5872 – 4942 SM 4533 – 4188 SM 3993 – 3043 SM 2450 – 2320 SM 2150 – 2080 SM 1997 – 1822 SM 1950 – 1870 SM 1911 – 1774 SM 1897 – 1717 SM 1837 – 1690 SM 1745 – 1635 SM 1600 – 1490 SM 1540 – 1420 SM 1500 – 1425 SM 1527 – 1407 SM 1531 – 1408 SM 1041 – 971 SM 989 – 931 SM 910 – 859 SM 885 – 795 SM 820 – 750 SM 91 SM – 1 M 31 SM – 1 M 1 SM – 32 M 571 M – 632 M

Controversy Regarding the Great Flood (Benarkah Banjir Nuh menutupi seluruh permukaan Bumi?)

Kontroversi Seputar Banjir Besar (Benarkah Banjir Nuh adalah banjir yang menutupi seluruh permukaan Bumi?)

Yang berpendapat Banjir Global

Didalam AlQur’an maupun Bible menyebutkan kaum Nuh dibinasakan dengan sebuah banjir besar. Sebagian ulama ataupun pemerhati sains dan teknologi meyatakan banjir besar itu adalah banjir global yang menenggelamkan seluruh dunia.

Penganut Kristen dan Katholik, mempercayai peristiwa itu terjadi secara global. Hal ini sebagaimana dimuat dalam Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru yang menyatakan terjadinya banjir bersifat global.

Pendapat ini diperkuat dengan keterangan dari Genesis 7: 4 yang menyebutkan, “Untuk selama tujuh hari, Aku akan menyebabkan hujan di bumi, 40 hari dan 40 malam dan setiap makhluk hidup yang telah Aku ciptakan, akan Aku binasakan dari permukaan bumi,”

Dan bahtera itu berlayar membawa mereka dalam gelombang laksana gunung. Dan, Nuh memanggil anaknya, sedang anak itu berada di tempat yang jauh terpencil: “Hai anakku, naiklah (ke kapal) bersama kami dan janganlah kamu berada bersama orang-orang kafir, “Anaknya menjawab: “Aku akan mencari perlindungan ke gunung yang dapat memeliharaku dari air bah!” Huh berkata: “Tidak ada yang melindungi hari ini dari adzab Allah selain Allah (saja) Yang Maha Penyayang.” Dan gelombang menjadi penghalang antara keduanya; maka jadilah anak itu termasuk orang-orang yang ditenggelamkan.” (QS. Hud [11]: 42-43).

Kelompok yang mendukung pendapat ini menunjukkan data dan bukti berupa penemuan fosil-fosil gajah purba (mammoth). Menurut kelompok ini, fosil gajah purba (mammoth) itu ikut musnah ketika banjir besar terjadi. Fosil mammoth itu di antaranya ditemukan di Serbia pada 2 juli 2007 lalu, juga pada 24 Juni 1977, dan fosil gajah purba (mammoth) yang lebih besar (dewasa) membeku di kutub utara. Menurut hasil penelitian, fosil-fosil gajah purba itu diperkirakan berusia sekitar 10 ribu tahun.

Yang Berpendapat Banjir Domestik

Harun Yahya, penulis buku Kisah-Kisah dalam AlQur’an dan Jejak-Jejak Bangsa Terdahulu, maupun dalam situs www.bangsamusnah.com, menyatakan, banjir itu hanya terjadi di wilayah tertentu, yakni di tempat umat Nabi Nuh berada (domestic), dan tidak terjadi secara global yang menenggelamkan dunia. Ia mendasarkan pendapatnya ini dengan peristiwa yang menimpa kaum ‘Ad dan Tsamud.

Menurut kelompok yang menyatakan banjir di zaman Nabi Nuh AS itu sebagai banjir domestic (lokal), berdasarkan keterangan ayat AlQur’an juga. Di antaranya, QS. Ar-Ra’du [13]: 7, An-Nahl [16]: 36, 84 dan 89, Al-Mu’minun [23]: 44, An-Nisa [4]: 41, dan Yunus [10]: 47. Ayat-ayat tersebut menjelaskan tentang adanya rasul yang diutus oleh Allah pada setiap umat.

Menurut kelompok ini, pada zaman Nabi Nuh AS, ada nabi atau rasul lain yang hidup sezaman dengannya. Namun wilayahnya berjauhan dan tidak hanya berada di Negara-negara Timur Tengah saja.

Contoh nabi dan rasul yang hidup sezaman adalah Nabi Ibrahin dengan Nabi Luth, Ismail dan Ishak. Lalu, Nabi Ya’kub sezaman dengan Nabi Yusuf. Nabi Musa hidup sezaman dengan Harun dan Nabi Syuaib, Nabi Zakaria sezaman dengan Yahya, serta lainnya. Karena itu, menurut kelompok ini, banjir besar itu hanya menimpa umatnya nabi Nuh saja.

Lalu siapakah nabi yang kira-kira hidup sezaman dengan Nabi Nuh itu? Inilah yang perlu dilacak kembali. Sebab berdasarkan hadits Nabi SAW yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari, jumlah nabi sebanyak 124 ribu orang dan rasul berjumlah 313 orang. Syekh Ahmad Marzuqy dalam kitab Aqidah al-Awwam. Dan Syekh Nawawi bin Umar al-Jawi Al-Bantani dalam kitab Syarah Nur al-Zhalam, juga menyebutkan jumlah Nabi dan Rasul ini sebanyak 124 ribu orang dan raasul sebanyak 313 orang. Nabi pertama adalah Adam AS, sedangkan penutup nabi dan rasul adalah Muhammad SAW. AlQur’an menyebutkan, jumlah nabi dan rasul itu sangat banyak dan hanya sebagian saja yang disebutkan dalam AlQur’an.

“Dan, sesungguhnya telah Kami utus beberapa orang rasul sebelum kamu, di antara mereka ada yang Kami ceritakan kepadamu dan di atara mereka ada (pula) yang tidak Kami ceritakan kepadamu.” (QS. Al-Mu’min [40]: 78).

Kelompok ini memperkuat argumentasinya dengan penjelasan bahwa berdasarkan hasil penelitian para ahli geologi terhadap banjir besar itu, peristiwa itu terjadi di wilayah Mesopotamia yang meliputi wilayah Turki, Iran, Irak, dan Rusia.

Lantaran daerah itu berupa cekungan raksasa yang luasnya mencapai 9 hingga 10 juta hectare, atau sekitar 70 persen dari luas Pulau Jawa. Sehingga, banjir saat itu besarnya bisa disamakan seperti lautan karena puncak bukit setinggi 5.000 meter, tidak akan tampak pada jarak 250 kilometer (km).

Dari citraan satelit, lingkup banjir pada saat perahu Nabi Nuh mendarat dapat dilacak dengan membuat garis ketinggian, dan menelusuri level yang sama dengan level lokasi perahu ditemukan. Dari ssana diketahui, luas area banjir setiap empat juta hectare, sedangkan panjang lingkup banjir sekitar 560 km.

Kelompok kedua ini juga berpendapat, suatu kaum tidak akan dibinasakan sebelum Allah mengutus seorang rasul kepada mereka, untuk menerangkan ayat-ayat Allah dan memberikan peringatan.

“Dan, tidak adalah Tuhanmu membinasakan kota-kota, sebelum Dia mengutus di kota itu seorang rasul yang membacakan ayat-ayat Kami kepada mereka; dan tidak pernah (pula) Kammi membinasakan kota-kota; kecuali penduduknya dalam keadaan melakukan kezhaliman.” (QS. Al-Qashash [28]: 59).

Controversy Regarding the Great Flood (Noah's Flood Was cover the entire surface of the Earth?)
The experts and researchers agree that a great flood that occurred in the days of Noah actually exist. Even in the various religious and cultural beliefs including several States, tells the story of a great flood that struck the people of Noah.
It's just a difference of opinion concerning the incident. At least there are two things that has so far been controversial. One question is, did the great flood that drowned the whole world?
Argues that flood the global
Experts agree that the people of Noah drowned because they defied the invitation of the Prophet Noah to believe in Allah SWT with a flood of staggering magnitude. How much and how widespread the floods that hit, this is disputed.
At least, there are two major issues to be disagreement among scholars and archeologists about the flood of this magnitude. the big issue is whether the great flood that drowned the whole world (global), or limited to certain regions (local / domestic), namely in the area where the Noah preach to his people.
Not easy to answer that question. Therefore, to dissect more fully, empirical data are needed in various fields of science, like geology, archeology, history, astronomy, geography, including the information contained in religious books. That is very clear is the ship or Noah's ark is believed to have been found, precisely on top of Mount Ararat on the border between Turkey and Iraq at an altitude of about 2515 meters above sea level (asl) on August 11, 1979.
Some say, the great flood that hit the entire world so that no single animal or a human being who survived, except that is above the ship.
In the Qur'an and the Bible says Noah destroyed by a great flood. Some scholars of science and technology nor observers expressed great flood was a global flood that drowned the whole world.
Christians and Catholics, believe it happened globally. This is as stated in the Old Testament and New Testament which states the flood was global.
This opinion is reinforced by the statement of Genesis 7: 4 which says, "For the past seven days, I will cause the rain on the earth, 40 days and 40 nights and every living creature that I created, will I destroy from the earth's surface,"
Mentioned in the Qur'an:"Noah said: 'My Lord, do not let anyone among the infidels lived on earth. Indeed, if you let them stay, they will mislead Thy slaves, and they will not give birth than children who are very heathen sinner anymore. "(Qur'an, Noah [71]: 26-27).
And the ark sailed bring them in waves like mountains. And Noah called his son, while the child was in far flung places: "My son, come (to the ship) with us and do not be with those who disbelieve," She responded: "I will seek refuge in the mountains that can be care of me from the flood! "Huh said:" Nothing protects this day of Allaah but Allah (Alone) the All-Merciful. "And the wave becomes a barrier between them, then so be it children, including those who drowned." (Qur'an . Hud [11]: 42-43).
For those groups who claim global flood, the phrase "destroy all infidels from the face of the earth" and the magnitude of flooding that "wave like a mountain", it indicates that the flood was a global flood that drowned the whole world. They base their opinion on verses 42-43 QS. Hud [11] and the prayer of Prophet Nuh AS above.
Groups that support this opinion and the data show evidence of the discovery of fossils of ancient elephants (mammoths). According to the group, fossils of ancient elephants (mammoths) took part perished when floods occur. Mammoth fossils that were found in Serbia on 2 July 2007, also on June 24, 1977, and fossils of ancient elephants (mammoths) the larger (adult) frozen in the polar north. According to the research, the fossils of ancient elephants was estimated about 10 thousand years old.
This opinion is also supported Indonesia one of the authors named H Sumar, observers Qur'an and Science. He said the incident had occurred about 10 thousand years ago with evidence of extinction of mammoths have been found in Siberia it. Ahmad Bahjat, author of History of the Prophets of God, declared, it tends to flood the global flood.

Argues that flood the domestic

Harun Yahya, author of Tales of the Qur'an and Trace Trace Older Nations, as well as in www.bangsamusnah.com site, said the flood that only happens in certain areas, ie in place of Noah's people are (domestic), and does not occur globally that drowned the world. He bases this opinion with the events that befall people of 'Ad and Thamud.
According to the group that claimed at the time of Noah's flood was a flood of domestic (local), based on the testimony of Al-Quran verses as well. Among them, QS. Ar-Ra'du [13]: 7, An-Nahl [16]: 36, 84 and 89, Al-Mu'minun [23]: 44, An-Nisa [4]: ​​41, and Jonah [10]: 47. The verses are explained about the apostle sent by God to every people.
According to the group, in the days of Noah, no prophet or apostle others living contemporaries. However far apart the region and not only in the Middle East countries alone.
Examples of prophets and apostles who were contemporaries of the Prophet Ibrahim to Prophet Lut, Ishmael and Isaac. Then, the Prophet Ya'qub contemporary of the Prophet Joseph; Prophet Moses contemporary of the Prophet Harun and Shu'aib, Prophet Yahya contemporary of the Prophet Zakaria, and others. Therefore, according to this group, it's just a big flood hit just his people the prophet Noah.

So whom does the prophet which is roughly contemporary with that of Noah? This is what needs to be tracked back. Because based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad narrated by Bukhari, number as many as 124 thousand prophets and apostles numbered 313 people. Sheikh Ahmad Marzuqy in the book of Aqeedah al-Awwam. And Sheikh Omar bin al-Nawawi al-Jawi Banteni in the book Sharh al-Nur Zhalam, also mention the amount of the prophets and messengers are as many as 124 thousand people and raasul many as 313 people. The first prophet is Adam, while the cover of the prophets and messengers is Muhammad. Qur'an mentions, many prophets and apostles were very numerous and only partially mentioned in the Koran.
"And verily We sent messengers before thee: few people, among them whom We have told you and Atara they are (also) We have not told you." (Surat al-Mu'min [40]: 78) .
When the number of prophets and apostles were divided by the lifetime of the prophets and apostles from Prophet Adam to Prophet Muhammad (5872 BC - 571 AD), at least every year, there were about 19-20 people prophets and messengers sent by God to invite mankind to believe! and worship God.
A number of commentators and the author of several stories of the prophets and apostles, such as Ibn Kathir (Qisas al-Anbiya ') and Afif Abdul Fatah said the flood was a local flood and only Noah's people are destroyed.
This group reinforces his argument by explaining that based on the results of the geologist to study the great flood, events that occurred in the territory of Mesopotamia which covers an area of ​​Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Russia.
Because the area is a giant basin which covers 9 to 10 million hectare, or about 70 percent of the island of Java. Thus, when the magnitude of flooding could be compared to the ocean because the top of the hill as high as 5,000 meters, will not be visible at a distance of 250 kilometers (km).
From satellite imagery, the scope of the flood at the time of Noah's boat landing can be tracked by creating a line height, and browse the same level as the level of the location of the boat was found. From there it is known, the area floods every four million hectare, while the length of the scope of the flood about 560 miles.
The second group is also argued, a nation will not be destroyed before God sent a messenger to them, to explain the verses of Allah and give warning.
"And, neither is your Lord destroy the towns until He had sent a messenger in the city who recite Our Signs to them; and never (well) We destroyed the cities, except for residents in a state of doing injustice." (QS. Al-Qasas [28]: 59).
Harun Yahya also asserted, the great flood of Noah happened to the people that are flooding the domestic and not a global flood, which drowned the whole world.
Mentioned in the Qur'an, the Prophet Noah ask God to the people who do not believe and deny himself the apostle of God that destroyed it.
"O God, do not let anyone among pagans lived on earth. Indeed, if you let the infidels were living, they will mislead Thy slaves, and they will not give birth than children who are very heathen sinner anymore. "(Qur'an, Noah [71]: 25-27).
Ibn Kathir in his book Qisas Al-Anbiya 'declared the prayer of Prophet Nuh AS was intended for his people alone, and not the whole of mankind. In addition, the people who inhabit this earth are limited, and not evenly distributed as it is today.